Enceladus

The Buried Titan

Enceladus [en-SEL-ah-dus] is the eighth of Saturn's moons and is the sixth largest. Enceladus was named after a Greek Titan who rebelled against the gods and who was later defeated in battle by Aphrodite and buried under Mount Etna. Enceladus was discovered in 1789 by the British astronomer, Sir William Herschel. Most of what we now know about Enceladus was learned when the Voyager spacecraft visited the Saturnian system.

Cassini close-up of Enceladus showing ice fractures (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute)		Cassini close-up of Enceladus showing large ridges (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute)		Cassini close-up of Enceladus showing fractures and craters (NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute)

A Bright, Icy Moon

Enceladus has the highest albedo of any known object in the Solar System. It reflects almost 100% of the sunlight it receives. This high reflectivity is caused by a very smooth surface of fresh water ice. Since Enceladus reflects so much of the sunlight it receives, its surface temperature is a chilling -330° F (-201° C).

This enhanced color mosaic close-up was created from several Cassini images of Enceladus. It shows the many ice cracks and rifts which make up the surface of this frozen world. (NASA/JPL)

Features of Enceladus

Unlike many of Saturn's other ice moons, Enceladus contains at least five types of surface features. In addition to cratered areas, this moon contains smooth plains, linear cracks and ridges, fissures, and unusual crustal deformations. The craters on Enceladus are all smaller than 21 miles (35 km) in diameter. The cracks, ridges, and other unusual features seem to indicate that the interior of the moon may still be liquid. This could be caused by internal heat as a result of tidal forces from Saturn, very similar to those on Jupiter's moon Io. Enceladus is perturbed in its orbit by the gravitational fields of Saturn and its neighboring moon, Tethys and Dione. The smooth plains indicate a very young surface, perhaps only a few hundred million years old. These areas were almost certainly formed by water flowing to the surface from deep inside the moon. This could even be the result water volcanoes. Some astronomers believe that Enceladus may still be active. It may still be in the process of resurfacing itself. Enceladus has no detectable atmosphere and no magnetic field.

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